Recycling of Solid Waste for Biofuels and Bio-chemicals by Obulisamy Parthiba Karthikeyan Kirsten Heimann & Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu

Author:Obulisamy Parthiba Karthikeyan, Kirsten Heimann & Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Springer Singapore, Singapore

2.1 Landfill Heterogeneity

The landfill body is characterized by highly heterogeneous material. Its physico-chemical properties change both spatially and temporally, so that it is difficult to assess a common degradation phase in the entire amount of waste. The main factors affecting the biochemical activity will be presented by describing their changes both in time and space.

2.1.1 MSW Composition

The MSW disposed in a landfill consists of a wide variety of refuse fractions. A merceological characterization classifies the different fractions by material, such as organic and food waste, gardening waste, wood, plastic and rubber, paper and cardboard, textiles and leather, glass and inerts, metals. Another classification, highlighting the waste biodegradability, divides the refuse into three main fractions: rapidly biodegradable (waste with high organic content, food and gardening waste); low biodegradable (materials more difficult to decompose, paper, wood, textiles); non biodegradable (all the remaining materials not taking part to biogas production). The concept of biodegradability is linked to the type of carbon present in the waste: not all organic carbon is “biogasifiable”. For example, food waste contains 48 % (on wet basis) of organic carbon, but only 80 % of this can be transformed in biogas (Magnano 2010). The presence of lignocellulosic materials make the degradation harder. Definitively, biodegradability depends on the nature of carbon:(i)Sugar carbon: easily biodegradable;

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